Improvement in quadruple



F. W. JONES.

QUADRUPLEX TELEGRAPH.

NO.'191,440. PatentedMay 29,1877.

IIIIH HIIIIII Zine around auna? N PETERS, PHOTO LITHOGRAPHER,WASHINGTON. D C.

UNITED?- STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EBANGIS1W.'JONES, or CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

IMPRQVEMEN N QUADRUPLEX TELEGRAPHS.

! Specification forming part of Letters PatentNo. 191.440, dated May 29,1877; application filed j September 13, 1876.

To all whom it may-concern:

Be it known that I, FRANCIS W. J ONES, of Chicago, 'in' the countyofOook and State of Illinois, have invented a new and usefulIm provementin Quadruplex Telegraphs, which is fully set forth in the followingspecification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, inwhich- Figure 1 represents a side elevation of the transmittingapparatus; Fig; 2, a plan view of. the relay system and soundersconnected therewith; and Eig. 3 a detail v'iew,'on"an enlarged scale,showing the construction of one of the transmitting-levers. My inventionrelates to an apparatus by means-ofwhichfour messages maybe transmittedsimultaneously over a single telegraph line, wire, or cable of ordinaryconstruction; that is, two messages'in one direction andtwo in the otherover the same line or circuit.

The invention herein claimed consists in the special construction andcombination of transmitters, wires, and: batteries, constituting thetransmitting apparatus, and also'in the com bination of thistransmitting apparatus with an improved relay system, as will behereinafter more fully set forth. v,

The relay system is not herein claimed as a separate and independentdevice, as it constitutes the subject-matter of another application, andin this is only'claimed in combination with the transmitting apparatus.I will proceed to describe it, however, in order that the operation ofthe entire apparatus may be understood. v

In the drawings, A and B represent two ordinary differentially-woundrelays, which are employed for the receiving-instruments at one station.The relay A nearest to the transmitting apparatus is constructed withcores and helices considerably shorter than those inthe relay B, asshown in the drawings. The core of each relay is surrounded by theconvolutions of two wires, so that two separate currents may be made topass around the core in the same or opposite directions in a well.-known wa'y.

The line-wire'is brought to the end of one wire of one convolutionof therelay B, and to the other end'of the same convolution "a connection ismade through the wire a with the end of one convolution of the relay A,the other end of which convolution is connected to a wire running to thetransmitting apparatus, and thereby connection is made with the groundthrough the springs and levers of the transmitters, as will be hereafterdescribed. As thus far described, the position of the relays isprecisely similar to that of two electromagnetic helices or relays inthe same line circuit, one of the convolutions of each relay beingtraversed by the currents arriving from or passing to a distant station.The second convolution of each relay is connected up in an artificialcircuit for neutralizing purposes in an artificial manner. At the pointC, where the wire running from the transmitting apparatus is joined toone convolution of the relay A, as described above, a connection is alsomade with one end of the second convolution of this same relay, as

shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings, and the other end of this latterconvolution is connected through the wire I) with one end of the secondconvolution of the relay B, the opposite end of this convolution beingconnected with a rheostat of sufficient adjustable resistance to answera purpose similar to that for which it is used in well-k own methods ofduplex and quadruplex telegraph y--that is, for the purpose ofconstituting an artificial circuit from the point 0 to the groundthrough one coil of the relays A and B consecutively, which artificialcircuit shall be equal or nearly equal in resistance to the circuit fromthe point 0 through the other convolutions of each relay out to line,and thence to the instruments of a distant station.

By this arrangement of devices, currents sent by the transmitters to thepoint C will be caused to divide in such a way that one part passingfrom O to line through one convolution of each relay will have itsmagnetizing tendency neutralized by the other part of the currentpassing from G to the rheostat and ground through the other convolutionof each relay, and the soit-iron cores of each relay Will thereforeremain neutral during the transmission of signals from the home stationin the same manner and for the same purpose as in the well-knowndifl'erential duplex method.

The relay A has moderately short cores, as

stated above, and a soft-iron armature,.D, to which a suitable spring,01, is attached for the purpose of drawing back the armature whenreleased by the magnet. This relay A operates a repeating-sounder byclosing a local circuit on the back contact when the armature isreleased by the magnetism of the cores and is pulled back by a spring.This repeatingsounder operates a recording or repeating instrument bycontact in its upstroke in a wellknown way. This local circuit andrepeating apparatus is shown at F in the drawings, and need not bedescribed more minutely, as it is of ordinary and well-knownconstruction.

, The relay B is of ordinary dimensions, and is provided with apermanently-magnetized steel armature, E, to which a spring, e, isattached, which operates in the same manner as the spring 11 at theother relay. This relay B is also provided with the usual localconnections and contact for the operation of a second repeating orrecording instrument, G, of ordinary construction, which need not bedescribed more minutely.

In this, as in other systems in which batteries of reversed polaritiesare used upon a circuit to operate electro-magnets, currents of givenpolarity, attracting an armature of soft iron against the force of aspring at the remote end of an ordinary line-circuit, cannot by anyknown device be so quickly withdrawn and a current of opposite polaritysent into the line but that the electromagnets will for an instant beneutral, and hence the armature will attempt to obey the force of thespring.

This result, constantly recurring, will produce an unsteadiness in thesignals which will be detrimental, especially on long circuits ofordinary line. To obviate this difficulty, I place the plates of acondenser, H, between the relays A and B and connect one armature orpole of the condenser to the wire 01., thereby connecting it to theconvolutions of the relays in the line-circuit, and the other armatureor pole of the condenser is connected to the wire b, and thereby to theconvolutions in the artificial or rheostat circuit, as shown in Figs. 1and 2 of the drawings.

The outgoing currents being equal in the two circuits, and of the samepolarity, do not affect the condensers, but an incoming current fillsthe set of plates connected to the line-circuit, and they attract byinduction an equal and opposite charge on the contiguous plates,according to the well-known action of condensers. When the incomingcurrent is withdrawn, the condenser-plates discharge themselves throughthe relay A, passing through both convolutions of this relay to thepoint C, and the charge from each side of the condenser produces amomentary magnetic effect on the core of the relay, thereby filling inthe neutral gap in the core between the withdrawal of a current of onepolarity and the substitution of that of another, so that the signalwill be steady and certain.

The transmitting apparatus, by which cur rents are sent to line tooperate .the relay system above described at a distant station, must beof somewhat peculiar construction and arrangement. I have made animprovement in the transmitting apparatus, adapting it for use with myimproved relay system, although it is not the only apparatus that can beemployed in this connection.

'Iwo transmitters, I andK, are mounted on pivotal bearings in theordinary way, as shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings. These transmitters orlevers are of well-known construction in their general features. Theyare doublepointed-that is, a point,i or k, is attached to each end ofthe lovers, respectively. The point k, on the armature end' of I thetransmitter K, is mounted upon an insulating-block, k, as shown in Fig.3 of the drawings. Contactsprings i and k are also mounted upon thelevers I and K, one on each end thereof, respectively, and insulated inthe usual way by attaching them to insulating-blocks, as shown in Figs.1 and 3 of the drawings.

Points 1 and K are mounted on insulatingposts and located over thesprings on each end, respectively, of the transmitters I and K. Thesepoints are of ordinary construction, and will be fully understoodwithout further description.

Three separate batteries are employed, of the proportions of ten,twenty, and thirty, or one, two, and three, which are represented inFig. 1 of the drawings by X, Y, and Z. The weakest of these batteries,X, is inserted between one of the pointsl, at the transmitter I, and theinsulated spring 70 on the armature end of the transmitter K, beingconnected with such by the wires :0 m. g

The second battery in power, Y, has one pole connected with theinsulated point is on the armature end of the transmitter K by the wirey, and the other pole permanently connected to the ground by the wire y.The batteries X and Y are so arranged that these opposite poles will beplaced in connection by means of the insulated connecting-point k andspring k on the armature end of the transmitter K, when the latterisclosed.

When the transmitter K is in an open position, as shown in Fig. 1 of thedrawings, the battery X is put to ground through the spring 70 point K,and the wire N, with a small lesistance-coil, n.

The strongest of the batteries, Z, has one pole connected by the wirezto the insulatingpoint K at the outer end of the transmit er K, and theother pole connected permanen ly to ground by the wire 2. ThetransmitterK is also connected permanently to ground by'a. wire, 0, andsmall resistance-coil 0'. The point I at the armature end of thetransmitter I is connected by the wire to to the insulated spring k onthe outer end of the transmitter K, and the two springs 1" on thetransmitter I are united by the wire 2!, and are connected to the relaysystem by a wire, T, running to the point 0 at the junction of the twocircuits of said system. t

The operation of my invention is as follows As explained above, anoutgoing current does not affect the relay system at the transmitting orhome station, on account of the neutralizing efiect of the artificialcircuit. If, however, a similar receiving apparatus is placed at adistant station in a position agreeable to the relay system at the homestation, itwill be affected by the currents flowing to line from thebatteries at the home station.

Now, it is evident that there are four conditions in which thetransmitting apparatus above described may be placed, to wit: first,both transmitters I and Kopen; second, transmitter I closed and K open;third, transmitter K closed and I open; fourth, both transmitters I andK closed.

In the first condition, the batteries are all grounded and no current issent to line. In the second condition, contact is made between thespring 6 and point I, at the outer end of the transmitter I, and brokenbetween the corresponding spring and point at the armature end of thesame transmitter. A current will, therefore, flowto line from battery Xalone.

In the third condition, contact is made between the spring 10 and thepoint K at the outer end of transmitter K, and battery Z is sent toline; and in the fourth condition battery Z is cut out, battery X issent to line, re-enforced by battery Y, connection being establishedbetween the batteries X and Y through the point It and spring k on thearmature end of the transmitter K.

The three batteries are disposed so that a positive current will flowfrom battery X to line, a negative current from battery Z, and theopposite poles of batteries X and Y being connected, the current flowingfrom the two united will be positive. It therefore follows that, whilein the first condition of the transmitters, as stated above, thebatteries are all cut out of the line; in the second condition a currentis sent to line, which may be represented by 1 in the third conditionone which may be represented by 3-; and in the fourth condition acurrent that may be represented by 3 owing to the relative power of thebatteries being in the ratio of onep'two, and three, as heretoforestated.

Under the second condition, when the current 1 arrives at the distantstation it closes the relay B, its armature being agreeablyaqpolarized,but the retracting-spring of the ainnature of relayA is so adjusted asto resist the effect of all currents not greater in quantity than 1, andtherefore the armature of relay A will not respond under the secondcondition.

Under the third condition, the current being of greater quantity than 1,the armature of relay A will be closed, and at the same time thearmature of relay B, being polarized, will be repelled and held open,the retractingspring acting in conjunction therewith. In the fourthcondition the current being represented by 3 the armature of relay Bwill be closed, and also that of relay A, the current being strongerthan 1. Signals are therefore received by the sounders at the distantstat-ion, in the first instance by the sounder operated by B; in thesecond instance by the one operated by A and in the third instance byboth. At the same time, currents arriving from the distant station willproduce simultaneously like effects in the relays A and B of the homestation; and it makes no difference whether the currents coming in fromthe distant station agree with or are opposite to the currents sent outfrom the home station.

It will be noticed that with my improved transmitting apparatus the lineis always placed in connection with the ground when the transmitters areopen. The system can also be used as a duplex system at one station inconnection with an ordinary duplex system at some other station on thesame line without change of wires, the relay A being used as a receiver,and the transmitter K as the sending-key.

I have described the main batteries X, Y, and Z as being in theproportion often, twenty, and thirty, or one, two, three; but it isevident that this ratio may he considerably varied in either directionwithout departing from the principle of my arrangement-that is, withoutchanging the operation of the batteries, as set forth in the descriptionabove.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The transmitter K, consisting of the centrally-pivoted lever having acontact-spring at each end mounted thereon, but insulated therefrom, anda contact-point, k, at one end, insulated from the lever, in combinationwith suitably-insulated contacts In, the lever being arranged to playbeneath and form connection with said contacts, substantially as and forthe purpose set forth.

2. The transmitter K, constructed as described, and transmitter I, incombination with the batteries X, Y, and Z, of the proportion of one,two, and three, or nearly so, connected to the transmitters, so that thebatteries may be sent to line, substantially as described.

3. The batteries X, Y, and Z, and double transmitters I and K, incombination with a relay system consisting of the two differentialrelays A and B, armatures D and E, condenser H, and equaling rheostat,constructed and operating substantially as and for the purpose setforth.

FRANCIS W. JONES.

Witnesses:

L. M. HARRIS, L. A. BUNTING.

